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Qinling nature reserve group is the essence of the biodiversity of Qinling, with a typical representative, Qinling nature reserve group of rich plant resources, ancient origin, complex fauna, typical distribution.There are plants from North and Central China as well as plants from Northeast China and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It is the intersection and transition zone of plants from North and South China.Known reserve group has about 2940 species of seed plants, accounted for 78.8% of total number of plants in qinling moss plant 311 kinds, accounted for 82% of total number of qinling, which contains world single species in 37 genera and species less 60 genera, Chinese endemic genus 23 genera, 28 species, listed as national key protected plants in the world with special distribution value of single blade of grass has caused the domestic and foreign scholars attention.Taibai redwood forest, which is located at an altitude of more than 3,000 meters, has become the highest distribution of arbor species. Its natural distribution not only plays a role in water conservation and soil and water conservation.It is of great significance to the study of glacial landform and climate history in the Quaternary.

The Qinling Mountains Nature Reserve is the boundary between the Palaearctic and Eastern Boundaries of China. 126 species of mammals, 338 species of birds and eight species of state-protected animals are found here, including giant pandas, golden monkeys, twisting antelope and ibis.

 

 

Location setting：

Qinling Mountains are the top ecological space in the heart of China. The mountains in the center of China connect the east and the west, and the north and the south. They are rich in natural landscape resources and rich in historical and cultural deposits, thus becoming an Oriental legend and Chinese treasure.Together with the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, the Great Qinling Mountains form a zone of “one mountain and two rivers”, forming a magical and magnificent geographical pattern and ecological picture.

The Shaanxi section of the Qinling Mountains covers a total area of 58,200 square kilometers, covering 6 cities and 39 counties including Shangluo, Xi ‘an, Baoji, Weinan, Hanzhong and Ankang. It is the birthplace of important rivers such as Han River, Jialing River, Danjiang River, Luo River, Chan River and Ba River, as well as an important water supply area for the Wei River.

 

History：

The northern part of the Qinling Mountains, an ancient folded and faulted mountain, had been elevated to land as early as 400 million years ago and suffered denudation.The southern part of the Qinling Mountains, however, was submerged in sea water and was deposited during the Paleozoic era.During the Caledonian Movement 375 million years ago, the southern Qinling Mountains were raised to the surface of the sea.During the Hercynian Movement 230 million years ago in the Late Paleozoic, the northern part of the Qinling Mountains also rose. By the time of the Triassic, due to the influence of the Indo-Chinese Movement 195 million years ago, the Qinling Mountains were completely cut off from the sea, and their majestic posture basically took shape.After entering the Mesozoic, the Qinling forest area was mainly denuded, which was the supply of the surrounding low-lying areas.The Yanshan movement about 80 million years ago caused the Qinling Mountains to form the north-south fold belt tectonic framework dominated by fault-block activity, and then the Qinling Mountains to be strongly transformed by the Himalayas movement and to go through a large scale of block-fault vertical movement, and finally formed the present Qinling Mountains pattern.

 

Weather：

The mountains of Qinling Mountains are so tall that they not only block the warm and wet air flow from East Asia from the north, but also block the cold and dry air flow from the north from the south. Therefore, the climate difference between the two sides of Qinling Mountains is obvious. The northern subtropical humid monsoon climate is in the south of the Qinling Mountains, while the continental monsoon climate in the north of the Qinling Mountains is in the warm humid zone. It has been mentioned in many literature that the Qinling Mountains are the watershed of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, the geographical boundary between the north and south of China, the boundary between the northern subtropical and warm temperate climate, and the boundary between the flora and fauna. However, the north of the Qinling Mountains is high and the south is low. The north of the ridge is steep and steep, with an average width of about 50 kilometers. The south side is slowly long, with an average horizontal distance of about 100-150 kilometers to the ridge, and the widest point of the north and south of the Qinling Mountains is 200-300 kilometers.

 

 

 

 

Weather：

Because the temperature, climate and topography of the north and south of the Qinling Mountains show different changes, the Qinling-Huaihe River line has become the most important north-south dividing line in China’s geography.In winter, the Qinling Mountains prevent the cold wave from entering the south.In summer, the moist sea breezes are kept out of the northern areas.The Qinling and Huaihe river basins are the transition area between the rainy south and the dry north. From the vicinity of the Qinling and Huaihe rivers to the north, the rainfall decreases sharply.

Geology：

The Northern Slope of the Qinling Mountains is a huge fault, and the Qinling Mountains rise along the fault, while the Weihe Valley falls along the fault.Standing on the plain around Xi ‘an and looking at the Qinling Mountains, the mountains are arranged neatly from west to east with steep cliffs, which form an important geographical boundary between the north and the south of China.The Qinling Mountains suddenly broke off at Nanyang in the western part of Henan Province, and then appeared eastward on the border of Hubei, Henan and Anhui, which were the Tongbai Mountains and the Dabie Mountains.These mountains are only about 1000-1500 meters above sea level, and their trend is slightly northwest – southeast.To the north of Guangji in Hubei Province, the trend is slightly southwest to northeast, the mountain is lower, generally about 200-300 meters above sea level of low hills, such as Zhang Baling.These hills, together with Tongbai Mountain and Dabie Mountain, form an arc mountain range that protrudes southward. Because they are all in the south of the Huaihe River, they are always called the Zhuyang Mountain Range. Geological compositionIn the geological structure, the Qinling Mountains is a lifting block, the northern foot of a large fault cliff, the situation is very magnificent;The main ridge of the mountains to the north, the north slope is short and steep, deep rivers, forming many canyons, commonly known as the Qinling “72 Valley”;South slope long and gentle, there are many near the east-west mountains and mountain basin.

 

Plant communities：

The Qinba Mountains in the Qinling Mountains span Shangluo, Ankang, Hanzhong and other areas and are rich in natural resources.Known as “north and south plant gathering, north and south biological species bank” reputation.Characteristic products are various, such as walnut, persimmon, chestnut, agaric, walnut, chestnut, persimmon production ranks the first in the province, walnut production accounts for one sixth of the country;It is also a nationally famous “natural medicine storehouse”.There are 1,119 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine, and 286 kinds have been listed in the national “Chinese herbal medicine resource questionnaire”.In comparison, there are about 70 families, 210 genera and more than 1000 species of woody angiosperms in the Qinling Mountains, among which 177 species, 70 genera and 38 families of evergreen broad-leaved woody plants. Except a few tree species, they all grow in the southern slope, while only 46 species, 21 genera, grow in the Northern Slope.Citrus, tea, oil tung, loquat, bamboo and other subtropical plants can grow well in the south of Qinling Mountains, while oranges are extinct in the north of Qinling Mountains, but apples, pears and other temperate fruits are abundant.

 

Wildlife：

Among the wild animals in Qinling area are the giant panda, golden monkey, takin and other rare species, and the birds are the crested ibis and black stork which are protected by the state class 1.At present, there are national Taibai Mountain Nature Reserve and Foping Nature Reserve in Qinling Mountains.Among them, the giant panda, golden monkey, takin and crested ibis are known as “the four treasures of the qinling mountains”.In the Qinling Mountains, there are numerous mammals such as iguana, gazelle, wild boar, black bear, musk deer, small muntjac, hedgehog, bamboo squirrel, flying squirrel and squirrel, as well as the most abundant pheasant species in the world. Animals in the north and south of the Qinling Mountains are also very different.As far as mammals are concerned, there are 23 species in Qinling Mountains, accounting for 42% of the total number of mammals.Among the animals in the south of the Qinling Mountains, there are many southern elements, such as the Chinese bat, golden snub-nosed monkey, giant panda, pig badger, great civet cat, little civet cat, clouded leopard, takin, suman, porcupine and so on.There are only 8 species of mammals distributed in the north of the Qinling Mountains, accounting for 10% of the total number of mammals, mainly including Platypus batus and Squirrels.

 

Tourism information：

Qinling National Nature Reserve in Xi ‘an is a kind of forest ecosystem nature reserve in Shaanxi Province, which takes mountain mixed ecosystem as the protection object.The protection area has a mild climate, sufficient precipitation and complex terrain, which contains rich biological resources, mineral resources and landscape resources.Unique geographical environment, a variety of plant communities, for the formation of species, reproduction provides superior conditions.Qinling National Nature Reserve plays a very important role in the maintenance of natural ecological environment, water conservation and irrigation of farmland in western Shanxi Province. It is a rare collection and transition zone of biological resources that have not been completely destroyed.The protection area is rich in plant resources, animal resources, hydrological landscape, geological landscape, there are niangniang mountain, yawu mountain, moon bay, baichi waterfall, etc., the protection area of the sea of clouds, green mountains, snow scenery, five peaks, sunrise and other scenery is more charming.